An informal chart zone, often drawn from a candle or range preceding a later move. It does not identify an order, its owner, its size, or an institutional entry point.
Supports: CFTC explains that historical-data trading systems cannot guarantee profits, supporting the need to test a fully specified chart-zone rule rather than infer certainty from a past move.
An OB is a chosen chart zone; definitions vary across analysts and time frames
Candle data cannot establish who placed an order or why price moved
A later touch, bounce, or break is an observation, not proof of support or resistance
Assess a fully specified rule out of sample with realistic execution assumptions
A study defines the full range of the final red 1-hour candle before a 3% rise as a zone, before examining later sessions. Price later trades into that range and rises. The study records the result, competing zones, costs, and losses across future samples; it does not call the result confirmation of institutional demand.
An analyst-defined three-candle price range with no overlap between the first and third candle's wicks after a fast move. It is a chart annotation, not proof of institutional activity, unfilled orders, future liquidity, or a likely price return.
Trading slang for a rapid move through an observed price level followed by a reversal. The pattern alone does not show who traded, where stop orders sat, or whether manipulation occurred.
An informal chart label for price moving beyond a user-defined prior swing high or low. It is not a standardised measure, proof of institutional order flow, or confirmation of a trend reversal.
An informal label for a previously marked chart zone that price breaks and later revisits. It does not show that an earlier order existed, was unfilled, or was closed at break-even.
An informal chart label for a selected zone that price later breaks and may revisit, sometimes after crossing a prior high or low. It does not prove a stop hunt, manipulation, or a trend change.
An informal name for a selected candle before a later move. A candle cannot identify the trader, capital source, or an institutional decision behind that move.
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