Reference guide with links to local authorities. Specific tax and regulatory claims are published only after the applicable primary guidance has been reviewed.
Local review · 2026-08-17
Next review: 2026-11-17
International virtual-asset standards, crypto tax reporting framework, and adoption methodology. Local rules can change; verify with the relevant authority before acting.
Tax
Regulation
No current official national adoption figure is available to show.
No official figures are linked for this country.
Blue figures are older estimates without a verifiable official source: they are shown as context, not official data, and are not used to rank or score countries.
Europe · MKD
The Ministry of Finance announced that cryptocurrency use would be governed by law; this review did not verify that framework's entry into force.
Official source for these events: Ministry of Finance: 2020 statement on planned cryptocurrency law (supports: regulatory timeline)
We are verifying the local framework against primary regulatory guidance. Use the linked official portal to confirm the current status, scope, and authorized providers before acting.
Check the linked official regulatory register or portal before choosing a provider.
Confirm tax treatment with the linked official guidance and a local professional where appropriate.
We are verifying local tax treatment against primary guidance. Rates, deductions, and deadlines stay hidden until the applicable rule is confirmed.
Official tax portal for verification: Public Revenue Office: foreign-income taxpayer questions · Public Revenue Office: individual capital-gains rules
| Country | Users / investors | Adoption | P2P Vol. | Status | Exchange |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇲🇰 North MacedoniaYou | No official figure | No official figure | No official figure | Verify | Verify |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | No official figure | 4.8% holders (2021, Banco de Espana) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | No official figure | 12.0% of respondents (ECB SPACE, 2024) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | No official figure | 6% bought or paid (Bundesbank, 2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | No official figure | 12% holders (2024, FCA) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇫🇷 France | No official figure | 9% holders (2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | No official figure | 18% of financial decision-makers (CONSOB, 2024) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | No official figure | >20% of investors (AFM, 2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇨🇠Switzerland | No official figure | ~6% of respondents (SNB, 2022) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
Continue your journey
North Macedonia vs Spain
Access analysis, tools, and a community of active traders.