Since July 2026, verify current MiCAR authorisation before using a crypto-asset provider.
Explore 34 mapped organizationsOfficial source for regulatory status: AMF: MiCA transition ended 1 July 2026 (supports: regulatory status, regulatory timeline) · AMF: MiCA framework for crypto-asset service providers (supports: regulatory status, regulatory framework)
Local review · 2026-08-13
Next review: 2026-11-13
International virtual-asset standards, crypto tax reporting framework, and adoption methodology. Local rules can change; verify with the relevant authority before acting.
Tax
Regulation
Verify a provider
Adoption
A register helps verify the named entity and stated activity. It does not validate every asset, product, or risk.
Official adoption figures are shown with their linked source.
Source by figure: adoption: AMF: French investor mapping 2026
Blue figures are older estimates without a verifiable official source: they are shown as context, not official data, and are not used to rank or score countries.
Europe · EUR
Do not use a historical PSAN registration as current proof: verify MiCAR authorisation, entity, and service.
The PACTE law established the former PSAN regime.
MiCAR became applicable to crypto-asset service providers on 30 December.
The PSAN transition ends on 1 July; MiCAR authorisation or an applicable notification is required.
Official source for these events: AMF: MiCA transition ended 1 July 2026 (supports: regulatory status, regulatory timeline)
The PACTE-law PSAN transitional period ended on 1 July 2026. The AMF says that from that date providers need MiCAR CASP authorisation or a complete notification under the applicable procedure. Verify the entity, service, and current status in AMF or ESMA sources before transferring funds.
Official source for this framework: AMF: MiCA framework for crypto-asset service providers (supports: regulatory status, regulatory framework)
Check the linked official regulatory register or portal before choosing a provider.
Confirm tax treatment with the linked official guidance and a local professional where appropriate.
Official source for these brackets: Impots.gouv.fr: digital-asset gains, updated 17 July 2026 (supports: tax treatment, tax brackets, deductions)
Losses can only offset same-nature digital-asset gains in the same year; they do not carry forward.
Source: Impots.gouv.fr: digital-asset gains, updated 17 July 2026 (supports: tax treatment, tax brackets, deductions)
For 2025 income: 19 May 2026 on paper; online, 21 May (departments 01-19 and non-residents), 28 May (20-54), or 4 June (55-974 and 976).
Source: Impots.gouv.fr: 2026 income-return calendar by department (supports: filing deadline)
Official guidance, updated 17 July 2026, gives a 31.4% PFU (12.8% tax + 18.6% social contributions) for private-wealth-management gains. An exemption applies when total annual disposal proceeds, not gains, do not exceed EUR 305; professional activity, staking and mining follow different rules.
Official tax guidance: Impots.gouv.fr: digital-asset gains, updated 17 July 2026 · Impots.gouv.fr: 2026 income-return calendar by department
| Country | Users / investors | Adoption | P2P Vol. | Status | Exchange |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇫🇷 FranceYou | No official figure | 9% holders (2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | No official figure | 4.8% holders (2021, Banco de Espana) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | No official figure | 12.0% of respondents (ECB SPACE, 2024) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | No official figure | 6% bought or paid (Bundesbank, 2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | No official figure | 12% holders (2024, FCA) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | No official figure | 18% of financial decision-makers (CONSOB, 2024) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | No official figure | >20% of investors (AFM, 2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇨🇠Switzerland | No official figure | ~6% of respondents (SNB, 2022) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇹🇷 Turkey | No official figure | No official figure | No official figure | Regulated | — |
Continue your journey
France vs Spain
Access analysis, tools, and a community of active traders.