Reference guide with links to local authorities. Specific tax and regulatory claims are published only after the applicable primary guidance has been reviewed.
Local review · 2026-08-17
Next review: 2026-11-17
International virtual-asset standards, crypto tax reporting framework, and adoption methodology. Local rules can change; verify with the relevant authority before acting.
Tax
Regulation
No current official national adoption figure is available to show.
No official figures are linked for this country.
Blue figures are older estimates without a verifiable official source: they are shown as context, not official data, and are not used to rank or score countries.
Europe · BYN
We are verifying the local framework against primary regulatory guidance. Use the linked official portal to confirm the current status, scope, and authorized providers before acting.
Check the linked official regulatory register or portal before choosing a provider.
Confirm tax treatment with the linked official guidance and a local professional where appropriate.
Official source for these brackets: Ministry for Taxes and Duties: taxation of token-operation income from 2025 (supports: tax treatment, tax brackets, deductions, filing deadline)
Confirm the permitted operation, source, and deductions with the Ministry for Taxes and Duties and local advice.
Source: Ministry for Taxes and Duties: taxation of token-operation income from 2025 (supports: tax treatment, tax brackets, deductions, filing deadline)
File the declaration under Tax Code article 219 when applicable.
Source: Ministry for Taxes and Duties: taxation of token-operation income from 2025 (supports: tax treatment, tax brackets, deductions, filing deadline)
From 1 January 2025, income from token operations is governed by article 202(1). The authority states a 13% rate for income from permitted operations through foreign platforms and other foreign sources; it is not a universal rate.
Official tax guidance: Ministry for Taxes and Duties: taxation of token-operation income from 2025
| Country | Users / investors | Adoption | P2P Vol. | Status | Exchange |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇧🇾 BelarusYou | No official figure | No official figure | No official figure | Verify | Verify |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | No official figure | 4.8% holders (2021, Banco de Espana) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | No official figure | 12.0% of respondents (ECB SPACE, 2024) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | No official figure | 6% bought or paid (Bundesbank, 2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | No official figure | 12% holders (2024, FCA) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇫🇷 France | No official figure | 9% holders (2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | No official figure | 18% of financial decision-makers (CONSOB, 2024) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | No official figure | >20% of investors (AFM, 2025) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
| 🇨🇠Switzerland | No official figure | ~6% of respondents (SNB, 2022) | No official figure | Regulated | — |
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