A potential flaw in a digital cash scheme where the same single digital token can be spent more than once.
Double spending was the unsolvable problem of digital money before Bitcoin
Digital files can be copied infinitely but money must only be spent once
Bitcoin solved this with blockchain and proof of work verified by thousands of nodes
Sovereign money requires absolute mathematical scarcity which demands impossible double spending
If digital money were like a PDF, you could copy and send the same $1 to 100 people. Bitcoin's blockchain prevents this - the network rejects any attempt to spend the same BTC twice.
A fault-tolerant process used in blockchain systems to achieve the necessary agreement on a single data value or network state.
A computer that participates in a blockchain network by storing, validating, and broadcasting transaction data.
A consensus algorithm that requires validators to solve intensive computational puzzles to secure the network.
A self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code.
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